Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Mechanisms and treatment of atherosclerosis: focus on macrophages

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1490387

Figure Lengend Snippet: Herbal monomers/extracts for AS via macrophages.

Article Snippet: Diterpenoids (one of the major structures of the chemical constituents in plants of the genus Callicarpa) , RAW264.7 cells , (+) PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway , Inhibit ox-LDL-induced MΦ foam cell formation by promoting cholesterol efflux , 14α-hydroxyisopimaric acid and isopimaric acid (isolated from the flowers of Callicarpa rubella Lindl) , ( ) .

Techniques: Injection, Migration, Isolation, Activity Assay, Transformation Assay

Journal: Nature communications

Article Title: Resin acids play key roles in shaping microbial communities during degradation of spruce bark.

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43867-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 | The genetic organization of the Pseudomonas abieticivorans dit cluster and growth on resin acids. A The identified dit cluster which spans 34.6 kbp. Genbank accession numbers are shown below each gene, gene names above, and their functional annotations according to pfam are color coded (Table S11; DUF— domain of unknown function, AMP—adenosine monophosphate). The resin acids are divided into two subtypes: abietane and pimarane, the former represented by (B) abietic acid, and the latter by (C) isopimaric acid. D Representative

Article Snippet: Briefly, the resin acids were acidified using 40 μL HCl and spiked with an internal standard of 0.1mg isopimaric acid (Carbosynth) and extracted three times using 1mL ethyl acetate.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Biomolecular characterization of 3500-year-old ancient Egyptian mummification balms from the Valley of the Kings

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39393-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: LC–MS/MS findings from archaeological samples AES 062, 064 and 066 from canopic jar 1 (containing the lungs) and AES 067, 068 and 069 from canopic jar 2 (containing the liver). Constituents identified based on less than 10,000 counts are indicated as ‘trace’. See also Supplementary Table S7 for identified compounds.

Article Snippet: Methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane (DCM), and methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) used for the analyses, as well as the analytical standards isopimaric acid and vanillic acid, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Diterpenoids inhibit ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation in RAW264.7 cells by promoting ABCA1 mediated cholesterol efflux

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1066758

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemical structures of two isolated compounds, 14α-hydroxyisopimaric acid (C069002) (A) and isopimaric acid (C069004) (B) , from the flowers of the Callicarpa rubella Lindl.

Article Snippet: In the current study, we identified two natural diterpenoid molecules, namely, 14 α -hydroxyisopimaric acid (C069002) and isopimaric acid (C069004), isolated from the flowers of Callicarpa rubella Lindl., with remarkable inhibitory effects on macrophage foam cell formation.

Techniques: Isolation